The application of nonwovens in the field of construction can be roughly divided into three categories: construction waterproof nonwovens, construction covering nonwovens and other building structural materials.

Waterproof non-woven fabric

Flexible waterproof material mainly refers to the waterproof film material on the surface of the building, forming one or more layers of polymer or synthetic polymer material with certain deformation ability, which can be divided into two categories: "rolling waterproof" and "coating" waterproof" .Nonwovens are mainly used for coiled flexible waterproof materials.

Modified bitumen waterproofing membrane

As the basic raw material for waterproofing membranes, asphalt is the first application of organic flexible waterproofing materials, and it is the most widely used, widely used and most productive waterproofing material in the world. According to historical verification, no products with high cost performance have been found yet. Especially in roofing and underground works, through modified asphalt rolling materials, self-adhesive rolling materials, composite waterproofing systems, combined with puncture resistance, salt-alkali-resistant rolling materials, to achieve waterproofing, root plugging, salt-alkali erosion resistance and other comprehensive functions.

The non-woven fabric is the skeleton material of the modified bitumen waterproofing membrane, which endows the waterproofing membrane with excellent tensile properties and prolongs its service life. A typical bitumen-based waterproofing membrane is actually a non-woven reinforced composite material, whose structure is a sandwich structure, the middle layer is non-woven fabric, and the two layers are modified bitumen.

There are mainly three kinds of non-woven fabrics used as modified asphalt waterproof membrane, namely polyester spunbond needle punched non-woven fabric, polyester staple fiber needle punched non-woven fabric and wet glass fiber mat. Although the cost of glass fiber mat is low, the synthetic fiber non-woven fabric can give the modified asphalt waterproof membrane better flexibility, adapt to thermal expansion and cold shrinkage performance, greatly reduce the possibility of water leakage, and thus prolong the service life of the waterproof membrane.

Except for a small amount of non-material modified bitumen waterproofing membrane, each square meter of modified bitumen waterproofing membrane requires at least the same area of ​​non-woven fabric as the skeleton material. In order to meet market demand, polyester spunbond non-woven fabrics are increasingly used in modified asphalt waterproofing membranes.

Nonwovens for building cladding

Under the premise of rational use of energy, building energy efficiency is to improve energy efficiency as much as possible and improve the comfort of buildings. For most buildings, heating and cooling stations consume more than half the energy. Through effective insulation, energy consumption and electricity demand can be reduced, thereby reducing carbon dioxide and other polluting emissions.

The key to effective thermal insulation is to enhance the air and water tightness of the building. European and American construction circles have begun to widely use a layer of air film, which is laid on the thermal insulation layer, and the entire building is covered, thereby effectively strengthening the air tightness and water tightness of the building. However, due to the impermeability of the membrane, moisture condensation in the exterior walls and roof of the building will seriously affect the performance of the insulation and the durability of the building envelope.

Therefore, people have invented a waterproof and breathable film with better performance. Its main functions include: 1) Breathability. It vents water vapor in maintenance systems, solves problems with condensation and dew, and protects insulation against moisture. 2) Air tightness. It is used to maintain the structure, cover the building, enhance the air tightness of the building, and reduce the heat loss caused by air leakage and convection. 3) Water tightness. It has a certain auxiliary waterproof function.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology has studied the impact of building airtightness on energy consumption in commercial buildings. The results show that buildings with breathable membranes to enhance air tightness can save up to 40% in heating and cooling costs compared to buildings without breathable membranes.

Insulation air film

Air separation membrane is a material used to enhance the air and water tightness of buildings, slow down the rate of water vapor in concrete structures and indoor moisture to insulation, prevent condensation from forming, protect the thermal properties and structure of insulation, reduce building energy consumption. The air separation membrane is laid on the base to enhance the water tightness of the building and prevent indoor moisture from penetrating into the insulating layer and will not be eroded. It can be used with the breathable membrane above the insulation layer to achieve excellent moisture resistance on walls or roofs, and the moisture inside the shell can be smoothly drained through the waterproof breathable membrane to protect its thermal performance. Shell structure, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

The air separation membrane as the air separation layer is arranged on the inner side of the composite outer wall, and can be used in combination with the waterproof and moisture permeable membrane or independently. Diaphragms are suitable for heating buildings with air separation requirements and industrial equipment in the textile and food processing industries.

In the United States, the general air barrier film and waterproof breathable film are used at the same time, the air barrier film is used for the inner insulating layer, and the waterproof breathable film is located outside the insulating layer. Diaphragm is also widely used in Germany, according to statistics, more than 80% of buildings will use diaphragm. In China, the use of partition walls on walls is relatively rare, mainly concentrated in the following two types of buildings:

Roof: The gas separation membrane is installed in the middle of the two-layer steel structure of the steel structure workshop; or the steel wall, the insulating layer is installed in the middle of the membrane.

Buildings with large temperature differences, such as refrigeration.

The simplest windproof membrane is made of polypropylene spunbond hot-rolled non-woven fabric sandwiched between a layer of waterproof membrane composite. The outer nonwoven needs to be UV resistant.

Waterproof and breathable film

In much of North America and Europe, breathable membranes are already in use and forced. Waterproof breathable membrane is a breathable barrier material, laid between the wall and the outer covering, does not allow rainwater and other liquid water to pass, but allows water vapor and air to pass, waterproof, moistureproof, mildew proof, sound insulation, pest control and other functions .

The non-woven fabrics used for breathable films mainly include spunbond hot-rolled non-woven fabrics, cast-laminated spunbond fabrics and film composites, spunbond fabrics and microporous film composites, etc. The main functions of non-woven fabrics are tear resistance, abrasion resistance and puncture resistance. Resistance, UV stability and a non-slip surface are generally required.

Synthetic polymer waterproof membrane

Synthetic polymer rolling material is a new type of flexible sheet waterproof material, which is based on synthetic resin, synthetic rubber and a mixture of the two, adding a certain amount of chemical reagents and additives, and then using processing technology. Rubber and plastic. The polymer waterproofing membrane has high tensile strength, high elongation at break, good heat resistance, low temperature flexibility, corrosion resistance, cold construction and other superior properties.

At present, domestic polymer coils show a trend of diversification and high-end development, and are widely used in building roofing, municipal engineering, underground space, environmental protection facilities, water conservancy facilities and national defense industry. and many more.

In the US market, polymer waterproofing membranes occupy the mainstream in flat roofs, the European market is still dominated by modified asphalt waterproofing membranes, and the Japanese market is dominated by asphalt membranes, polymer membranes and waterproof coatings. In the Chinese market, bitumen waterproofing membrane occupies the mainstream, but the polymer membrane market is gradually expanding.

Similar to the application in modified bitumen waterproofing membranes, nonwovens are used as reinforcements in polymer waterproofing membranes. Nonwoven fabrics can be used as intermediate layers or backing substrates for polymer coils. The main non-woven fabric used for polymer waterproof membrane is polyester staple fiber hot-rolled non-woven fabric. It can be made of recycled polyester material, which is recyclable, environmentally friendly and stable in sound absorption and thermal insulation.

As the rolling material of the non-woven backing polymer, its main function is to facilitate construction, and the polymer rolling material is closely combined with the concrete base under the action of the adhesive.